England 10 Geography Facts to Know

England is a part of Europes United Kingdom  (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and it is located on the island of Great Britain. England is not considered a separate nation, as it is governed by the United Kingdom. It is bordered by Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. England has coastlines along the Celtic, North, and Irish Seas and the English Channel, and its area includes more than 100 small islands.England has a long history with human settlement dating back to prehistoric times, and it became a unified region in 927. It was then the independent Kingdom of England until 1707 when the Kingdom of Great Britain was founded. In 1800 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed, and after some political and social instability in Ireland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1927. Do not use the term England if you are referring to the United Kingdom as a whole. The names are not interchangeable.The following i s a list of 10 geographic facts to know about England:1) Today England is governed as a constitutional monarchy under a parliamentary democracy within the United Kingdom, and it is controlled directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. England has not had its own government since 1707 when it joined Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.2) Several different political subdivisions attend to local administration within Englands borders. There are four different levels within these divisions, the highest level of which are the nine regions of England. These include the North East, North West, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands, West Midlands, East, South East, South West,  and London. Below the regions in the hierarchy are Englands 48 ceremonial counties, followed by metropolitan counties and civil parishes.3) England has one of the largest economies in the world, and it is very mixed, with sectors in manufacturing and service. London, the capital of England and th e United Kingdom, is also one of the worlds largest financial centers. Englands economy is the largest in the United Kingdom, and the main industries are finance and banking, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, shipbuilding, tourism, and software/information technology.br/>4) Its population of more than 55 million people (2016 estimate) makes England the largest geographical region in the United Kingdom. It has a population density of 1,054 persons per square mile (407 persons per square km), and the largest city in England is London, at 8.8 million people and growing.5) The main language spoken in England is English; however, there are many regional dialects of English used throughout England. In addition, recent large numbers of immigrants have introduced several new languages to England. The most common of these are Punjabi and Urdu.6) Throughout most of its history, the people of England have been mainly Christian in religion, and today the Anglican Christian Church of Englan d is Englands established church. This church also has a constitutional position within the United Kingdom. Other religions practiced in England include Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, Buddhism, the Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­ Faith, the Rastafari Movement,  and Neopaganism.7) England makes up about two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and the offshore areas of the Isle of Wight and the Isles of Scilly. It has a total area of 50,346 square miles (130,395 sq km) and a topography that consists mainly of gently rolling hills and lowlands. There are also several large rivers in England, one of which is the famous Thames River, which runs through London. This river is also the longest river in England.8) The climate  is considered temperate maritime, and it has mild summers and winters. Precipitation is also common throughout much of the year. Englands climate is moderated by its maritime location and the presence of the Gulf Stream. The average January low temperature is 34 F (1 C), and the average July high temperature is 70 F (21 C).9) England is separated from France and continental Europe by a 21-mile (34 km) gap. However, they are physically connected to each other by the Channel Tunnel near Folkestone. The Channel Tunnel is the longest undersea tunnel in the world.10) Many of the universities in England are some of the worlds highest ranked. These include the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, the University of Oxford, and University College London.

Psychological Effects of Physical Child Abuse Essay

Physical child abuse has grown dramatically in recent years. There are news stories about children being abused or neglected everyday. Physical abuse will cause the child to have many psychological effects throughout life. Although people might not realize, society can impact an abused child dramaticlly either positively or negatively. Even though there are many things wrong with child abuse, there are many controversies over how serious it is and how to prevent it from happening. Although there are so many controversies over child abuse, one thing for certain is that it can cause many problems psychologically either immediately or long term. Research has proven that the statistics of child abuse have risen worldwide. In the United†¦show more content†¦Although child abuse is everywhere, certain household characteristics have been known to have more reported cases of abuse than others. It is thought that abnormal families are more likely to present child abuse than a family with normal characteristics. Studies show that professionals are more likely to report if the family is colored, poor, or led by a single woman(Mankiller). Although it is not proven, researchers believe that children are more prone to abuse in those household types. Substance abusers are more likely to abuse their children than non substance-abusers. Substance abuse can cause someone to not think straight or may lead them to not realize what they are doing. Another leading factor to abuse is poverty. When parents feel as if they can’t afford to support the child, they may become aggravated which may lead to abuse(Bean Child). Even though studies have shown that these houshold characteristics have shown more reports or cases of abuse, it does not mean that all houses with those characteristics have abuse present. Along with the statistics come the stories of children that have been abused. There are so many heart breaking stories of children being abused. Not every story is spread worldwide, but none are more important than another. The ones that are shared show us how trajic child abuse really is. Six-year-old Oscar Jimenez Jr. was beaten to death by hisShow MoreRelatedChild Sexual Abuse And Children1301 Words   |  6 PagesChild sexual abuse effects tens of thousands of children, and young teens every year. With the rate of this issues, parents and other adults are not prepared nor willing to deal with problems of their children or family members been sexual abused. Child sexual abuse can take many forms, but it’s always a violation of a young person’s rights, and it increases the risk of many adverse physical and mental health conditions. 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Child abuse is a latent function of some families that is not intended but happens anyway. Child abuse is often seen differently, depending on various cultures, societies, and groups. We as a society cannot really understand the effect of â€Å"Child Abuse in Our Society† unless we have the grasp knowledge of what child abuse actually is. ThisRead MoreDomestic Abuse Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesChild and domestic abuse is a serious matter which needs to have additional focus, especially in this day and age. Abuse is most often causes harm to others. Abuse may either be verbal, emotional, or physical or times all three. In today’s society there are many different types of abuse including, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and neglect. All these types of abuse can affect people in multiple different ways, creating anywhere from short term to long term notable effects in the personRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Abuse On Children1597 Words   |  7 Pagesour hearts (Fulghum). Psychological abuse in children does not receive as much attention as physical abuse; however, verbal abuse, emotional abuse and neglect can affect children as much as physical abuse. When compared to physical abuse, psychological abuse has less punishments for the perpetrators, more chances of occurring and different effects on the victims.†¨ First, perpetrators of physical abuse receive harsher punishments than the perpetrators of psychological abuse. On one hand, because ofRead MoreChildren Are Victims Of Child Abuse1353 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 10, 2014 Damage Done Did you know that more than six million children are victims of child abuse in the United States? We lose four to seven children every day due to abuse and neglect. The United States has one of the highest child abuse records across the nation (National Child Abuse Statistics 1). Children can be abused in many ways including neglect, physical, mental, sexual and emotional abuse. People do not realize the severity of this epidemic. More and more children are being effectedRead MoreChild Abuse Is An Effect On Children1657 Words   |  7 Pageswere for neglect. Child abuse has an effect on the children. It not only affects them physically but in many other ways as well. Psychological abuse, verbal abuse, psychical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect need to be put to a stop. Looking at the statistics of child abuse in 2005 child abuse was on a rise according to NCANDS who latest statistics showed that in 2005 and estimated 3.3 million referrals of child abuse and neglect were received by public social services and or child protective service

Carey V Lake Macquarie City Council free essay sample

Summary of Facts Carey v Lake Macquarie City Council is an appeal from the district court of New South Wales, concerning negligence. The appellant, Carey, was riding his bicycle through a public park before sunrise, which he did regularly. One morning the appellant took a path he had never cycled on before. He was injured after cycling into a bollard positioned in the middle of the path. The bollard was slightly visible as it was dark blue and the path was unlit. The appellant had crossed the path during the day, and had seen the bollard on numerous occasions. The path was not designed for cyclists’ use, but the respondent knew that it was frequently used as such. It was found at trial that the defendant owed the plaintiff a duty of care, but that duty was not breached. The appellant appealed on the issue of liability. Issues The appellant submitted that the respondent was negligent in its placement of the bollard. We will write a custom essay sample on Carey V Lake Macquarie City Council or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He claimed that the positioning and colour of the bollard, combined with the lack of light, presented a risk for cyclists at night. From this submission came the main issue of the case: did the respondent’s placement of the bollard breach its duty of care? The respondent’s arguments on appeal were that the trial judge correctly found that it had not breached its duty of care, and if it had breached that duty, the appellant was 100% liable for contributory negligence. This argument gave rise to the second issue: if the respondent breached its duty of care, is the appellant guilty of contributory negligence, and to what extent? Issue 1: Did the respondent’s placement of the bollard breach its duty of care? The authoritative principle underlying this issue comes from the High Court in Wyong Shire Council v Shirt. It is that where there is a reasonably foreseeable risk of harm to the plaintiff, and the defendant does not respond to the risk in a manner that a reasonable person in the defendant’s position would, the defendant breaches their duty of care. In determining the reasonable person’s response to the risk the court must consider the likely severity of risk, the probability that the risk will materialise, the burden of taking precautions, and the defendant’s other conflicting responsibilities, including the social utility of the thing causing the risk. This principle is also reflected in s 5B of the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), ‘general principles’. Since McClellan CJ at CL’s reasoning considers obviousness of risk as a factor, it is beneficial to first mention this concept. A risk is obvious when it can be readily appreciated by a person who comes upon it, at the time that the person comes upon it. On the facts, his Honour found that although the bollard was obvious to a person during daylight, it was far less obvious to the appellant as he encountered it at night. Reasonably foreseeable risk of harm McClellan CJ at CL mentioned from Ghantous v Hawkesbury City Council, that although people are expected to avoid obvious risks, an allowance for inadvertence must be made. It follows that the harm posed by an obvious risk is foreseeable, despite the expectation that it will be avoided. His Honour highlighted from Edson v Roads and Traffic Authority that it could not be assumed that ‘most persons would take reasonable care for their own safety’. Ghantous also expresses that situational factors can mean obvious risks present a foreseeable risk of harm even to a person exercising reasonable care for their own safety. Applying these cases to the facts, the judges found that the risk posed by the bollard was foreseeable. Reasonable response to risk In determining the reasonable person’s response to the risk, the judges considered the social utility of the bollard. It was accepted that its purpose was to prevent maintenance workers from driving on the path. It was of little benefit as a driver could easily avoid the bollard and continue on the path, and furthermore, maintenance workers are under the Council’s control. Therefore the judges found the risk presented by the bollard was disproportionate to the benefit provided by it. The judges considered the effect of the severity of the risk by mentioning Shellharbour City Council v Johnson, which states that where the harm posed by an obvious risk is serious, an unreasonable response to the risk results in a breach of duty of care. It was found that the bollard created a ‘real and significant hazard for cyclists. ’ On these factors, the judges found that the respondent’s response to the risk was not reasonable. All judges agreed that because the placement of the bollard created a reasonably foreseeable risk, and the respondent’s response to the risk was not reasonable, taking into account he severity of the risk and the social utility of the bollard, the respondent breached its duty of care. Issue 2: Is the appellant guilty of contributory negligence, and to what extent? Determining contributory negligence The relevant principle regarding this issue comes from s 5R of the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), ‘standard of contributor y negligence’. It states that when a person does not exercise the standard of care of a reasonable person in their position, determined on the basis of what the person knows or ought to know, the person is guilty of contributory negligence. The judges agreed that a reasonable person in the appellant’s position, having previously seen the bollard in daytime, would have considered the risk of harm before cycling on the path. The appellant did not consider this. It was found that he should have cycled slowly, keeping a careful lookout, which he did not. The appellant was hence found guilty of contributory negligence. Extent of contributory negligence The principle used to determine the extent of contributory negligence is from s 5S of the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), ‘contributory negligence can defeat a claim’. It states that a court may find a 100% reduction in liability if the finding is ‘just and equitable’. In applying this, McColl JA regarded comparative culpability and the ‘degree of departure from the standard of care of the reasonable man. ’ His Honour found that the appellant’s culpability did not amount to 100%, as the respondent’s negligence was also causative of the appellant’s injuries. All judges agreed that the appellant’s liability due to contributory negligence was 50%. Defence: Voluntary Assumption of Risk To make out the defence of voluntary assumption of risk the principle is that the plaintiff must know about, fully appreciate, and voluntarily agree to, the risk. McClellan CJ at CL extracted these elements from several cases regarding this defence. McClellan CJ at CL interpreted the respondent’s pleas as that it meant to plead voluntary assumption of risk as a substantive defence. McColl JA and McDougall J disagreed with this interpretation. For purposes of completeness, McClellan CJ at CL’s reasoning of this defence will be discussed as if the respondent had pleaded it as a substantive defence. In his reasoning, his Honour again referred to obviousness of risk. His Honour found that a risk is obvious when it would have been obvious to a reasonable person in the plaintiff’s position, considering the plaintiff’s age, experience and characteristics. His Honour found the risk presented by the bollard would have been obvious to an experienced, mature cyclist, who knew of its existence. Section 5G(1) of the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) states that ‘a person who suffers harm is presumed to have been aware of the risk of harm if it was an obvious risk’ unless proved otherwise. Since the bollard presented an obvious risk, his Honour presumed the appellant’s awareness of it. However, although the appellant voluntarily cycled on the path, he did not accept the risk, as he ‘did not think about it. ’ His Honour found that the appellant did not voluntary agree to the risk, and the defence of voluntary assumption of risk was not made out. Judges’ Conclusions All judges agreed that by the placement of the bollard the respondent breached its duty of care. This issue was correctly decided because it is necessary for authorities to make public areas safe for their foreseeable users. People trust that activities frequently carried out in a public area can be done with little risk of harm, and that authorities will control the area with this objective. If this duty were not upheld, many injuries would likely occur. Regarding contributory negligence, all judges agreed that the appellant was liable to a degree of 50%. This decision was correct because it is necessary to recognise that an injured party can contribute to their own harm. Without contributory negligence defendants could be wrongly held 100% liable, when the plaintiff was also at fault. Relevance of Obviousness of Risk This case illustrates the relevance of obviousness of risk at different stages of analysis. Within the judges’ discussions it is mentioned in relation to the duty to warn of a risk, breach of duty of care, and voluntary assumption of risk. Duty to warn of a risk Obviousness of risk can assist in determining whether a defendant has a duty to warn a plaintiff of a risk. Section 5H of the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), ‘no proactive duty to warn of obvious risk,’ states that ‘a person does not owe a duty of care to another person to warn of an obvious risk.

The Wind of the Prairies Dust Bowl and the Economical Disaster of the 30ies

When one comes to think of it, the economical disaster of the thirties was quite easy to predict; completely devastated from the WWI, on the one hand, and being on the verge of the outbreak of the WWII, on the other hand, the entire world was slowly pulling itself together for the disaster that was going to strike. For some states, however, the Great Depression meant more than another economical breakdown.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Wind of the Prairies: Dust Bowl and the Economical Disaster of the 30ies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the United States, the years of the Depression set the industrial North and the agricultural South even further apart, not to mention the fact that death rates across the state went through the roof. To make the matter worse, severe dust bowls, wind from the prairies, ruined the States’ hope for better harvest for another couple of years. Because of the parallel s that Timothy Egan drives between the thirties’ economical devastation and the exhaustingly dry wind from the prairies, the economical disaster, which was prior known to an average American of the XXI century only from history books, suddenly takes a specific and threatening shape, therefore, becoming more tangible and allowing to evaluate the scale of the catastrophe that swept the U.S. in the 30ies. Apart from the metaphor of the Great Depression as the dust bowl that swept the economy of the entire nation away, Egan’s book has a number of intriguing elements that make one return to Timothy’s discussion of the devastation of the U.S. again and again. Egan not only creates a pretty idiom but also stretches it further to represent more links between the dust bowl and the Great Depression without shying away from the differences between the two phenomena; moreover, Egan uses these differences to the advantage of his story. Among these, the origin of the disaster s should be mentioned. Egan stresses several times that, in contrast to the dust bowl, which is caused by nature, the Great Depression was entirely human-induced. While Timothy does not draw the final conclusion at this point of his speculations, allowing the readers to make their own conclusions, it is rather clear that the idea of being responsible for the effects of one’s actions, especially if these effects take a nationwide or even a worldwide scale, is implied: â€Å"Books such as How to get Rich on the Plains explained how any investor could double his money in just five years† (Egan 20).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Remarkably unsettling and clearly aimed at shocking the reader into paying attention, the book may seem disturbingly dark and, therefore, somewhat artificial, which one may consider its basic flaw. On second thought, however, the atmosphe re that Egan manages to build in the process of telling the story of the most complicated era in the history of the USA, serves its purpose perfectly well. In addition, to be honest, the Great Depression did cause numerous deaths of starvation and poverty in the United States, and silencing these facts would have been unfair: â€Å"The high Plains never recovered from the Dust Bowl† (Egan 309). Moreover, when one comes to think of what exactly makes such great impression on the reader, not the shocking facts listed by Egan, but the objectivity, with which the author analyzes them, as well as the fact that Egan does not make hasty conclusions about the Great Depression and the people who were responsible for it come to the fore. Instead of passing judgments, the author provides a careful analysis, which cannot trigger any reproaches concerning the author’s political commitments; as Egan would put it, â€Å"[†¦] the sheriff had no time for politics† (Egan 106 ). Eventually, one should give credit to Egan’s ability to create likable and relatable characters. While one might complain about the characters lacking personality, they are still fleshed out relatively well, and, when reading Egan’s book, one can feel that what the author describes has really happened. As little character development as the story suggests, one can still feel the emotions that the characters feel, and empathize with each of the people described, which is arguably even more important than creating a complete character arch. For example, the readers only know that William Carlyle â€Å"built a dugout in 1915 for his family† (Egan 37), yet they relate to this character after learning how hard he worked and what a devoted father and husband he was.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Wind of the Prairies: Dust Bowl and the Economical Disaster of the 30ies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page L earn More After all, Egan never thought most of these people up – they had, in fact, exact prototypes in real life, and, in Egan’s defense, one must stress that he never resorted either to using the stereotypical image of a South dweller, or to ruining these stereotypes on purpose – instead, he merely disregarded them, thus, making the South-related clichà ©s less powerful than they used to be. Of course, it would be wrong to assume that Egan owes the success of his book solely to the metaphor that he used to get the main point across; quite on the contrary, the book is packed with other means of expression, including not only idioms but also a very compelling story, relatable characters and a cohesive manner of storytelling. However, the connection between a dust bowl, the terror of the prairies, and a dust bowl, the economic disaster of the Great Depression, remains the glue that keeps the book together. By comparing a natural phenomenon that causes disastr ous effects with the phenomenon of the same effect induced by people, Egan makes the readers realize that the dire effects of the Great Depression were not only inevitable but also necessary for the further evolution of the United States and the entire world. Having learned to anticipate the outcomes of their actions, even though with the help of such a harsh lesson, the North and the South were finally able to reconcile and set their differences aside for better cooperation. Works Cited Egan, Timothy. The Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived in the Great American Dust Bowl. Boston, MA: Mariner Books. 2006. Print. This essay on The Wind of the Prairies: Dust Bowl and the Economical Disaster of the 30ies was written and submitted by user Barbara Berry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Geography Assessment Task 1 2015 Essay

Geography Assessment Task 1 2015 Essay Geography Assessment Task 1 2015 Essay Biophysical Interactions-Deforestation in the Biosphere [Case study on Deforestation: The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra] Map of Sumatra Listed as the sixth largest island in the world, Sumatra is home to a vast variety of flora and fauna that exemplify ecological uniqueness thus inscribed the UNESCO World Heritage List due to its biodiversity therefore, at high risk of extinction and is expected to disappear in twenty five years’ time. The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra comprises of three national parks: Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Selblat National Park, and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. These parks are stretched along the Bukit Barisan Mountain Range towards the western side of Sumatra. Deforestation is a major issue that recently has been acknowledged by authority recently, with new laws and regulations in place to protect forests around the world. This issue has highly affected the biosphere of the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra and its cause has been the human activity over the past hundred years or so. Once a rainforest has been deforested, it becomes difficult to re- establish or regenerate. Gunung Leuser National Park Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Kerinci Selblat National Park Having an impressively diverse biota in the world, with at least ten thousand inhabitants that are endemic, individuals in Sumatra over time have taken this for granted establishing an inevitable situation in our generation where flora such as medicinal plant species and animals such as local elephants and tigers, pushing these endangered flora and fauna to extinction. In the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, lives 50% of Sumatra’s fauna including the world’s tallest flower the Amorphophallus titanum(figure1) and the world’s largest flower Rafflesia Arnoldii (figure 2) , also fauna that only exists in Sumatra, the Sumatran Tiger(figure 3) and the Sumatran Orang-utan(figure 4). Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Containing the 'last and largest sources commercially valuable hardwoods in Asia', the area is threatened by illegal logging, agriculture and settlements, the poaching of large animals and the proposal of new roads along the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. It is estimated that ‘the highest rate of deforestation of any major tropical region, could lose up to three quarters of its original rainforests by 2100 and up to 24% of its biodiversity’. At this point of time, the prediction seems sceptical to most individuals but day by day, every portion of the rainforest is one step closer to extinction (evident in figure 5 and 6). This is due to the increasing population of humans resulting in a higher demand for resources from water to the flora and fauna species itself. Therefore, the deforestation through both illegal and legal human activities has caused the rainforest to gradually degrade. Figure 5 Figure 6 Being a tropical island, Sumatra has a tropical wet climate making it moderately humid. The annual temperature in Sumatra is 26.2Â °C whilst its annual precipitation is 2125 mm. Figure 6 and 7 indicates the average temperate monthly and annually, showing the range of temperature from the hottest day to the coldest day of each month and year. Figure 6 Figure 7 On average, there are 166 days a year with

Coaching essays

Coaching essays A coach receives little to no respect because it is hard to understand what it is a coach goes through everyday. One must only understand the barriers, obstacles, or blind spots that are in the way that hide the answers from view. This is where coaches and coaching comes in. With their assistance, knowledge, and encouragement, athletes can overcome these problems on a playing field, in a gym, or even in everyday life. In effect, they also act as counselors. Once these skills are mastered, a coach can teach kids to handle lifes pressures and give them the confidence, which helps not only in practices and game situations, but also in the game of life. In todays world of high school sports, being a coach can be complicated in comparison to earlier years. For example, years ago, Coaches had limited types of plays, as said in an interview by Adna basketball coach Jeff Beasley, not like now where most sports such as football or basketball have over twenty plays with many variations (Beasley). As time went on, more coaches started seeing greater possibilities due to more young people becoming athletes as well as minorities becoming integrated into sports, making for these possibilities. Minorities also added more excitement with their style of play. Other changes have occurred. This includes player abuse, both verbally and physically. The level of abuse has changed over the years. Coaches have to be very careful in how they talk to their players these days, and also how they touch a player because of the potential of misunderstandings between coach and player (Beasley). The consequences of a misunderstanding can be a lawsuit. Coaches have many factors in controlling a team. Coaching supports individuals by helping them become more productive and successful as found on the internet site What is Coaching 1. Coaches have to discover and deal with the problems that the team or an individua...

Business strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business strategy - Assignment Example Continuous upgradation of its fleet is another area of its core competency. Strategic analysis using PESTEL and Five Forces analysis suggests that Etihad operates in an attractive industry but the buying power of consumers is high due to high level of competition in the industry. However, because of their core strengths, the airline would be able to achieve its goals and mission. There is ample opportunity for growth and expansion and based on its differentiation strategy, Etihad would continue to grow. Etihad has the location advantage also but customer service is not difficult to replicate and hence, Etihad needs to pursue differentiation through the economic support of the emirate. Analysis of the business strategy helps ascertain the location of the organization within the industry environment. Strategy need not be based on rational planning or even conscious making decision assumptions (Mintzberg, 1987). Strategy can be formulated at three different levels – the corporate level, the business unit level and the functional or departmental level. This paper would analyse the business level and the functional level strategy adopted by Abu Dhabi based Etihad Airlines. Sustainable competitive advantage can be created and maintained either through market position or through core competencies (Leavy, 2003). The positioning approach can be evaluated through PESTEL analysis and the generic strategies which would reveal two dimensions of positioning – the industry attractiveness and the competitive strength. The strategic choice should be on how to leverage advantage amidst the competitive environment. The strategic choice should fit with the goals and objectives to gain competitive advantage (Allen & Helms, 2006). Porter asserts that there are three basic strategies and firms perform best by adopting one of them – cost leadership, differentiation and focus (Allen & Helms, 2006). To become an industry leader, the company must be competitive. While